Cubic Zirconia (or CZ) is zirconium oxide (ZrO2 ), is widely synthesized for use as a diamond simulant and it is a lab made created stone with a specific gravity of between 5.6-6.00 and at about 8.5 hardness on Mohs scale, which is harder than most natural gems. Its refractive index is high at 2.15 – 2.18 (B-G interval) and its luster is very good. Its dispersion is very high at 0.058 – 0.066, exceeding that of diamond (0.044).
Cubic zirconia (CZ) is so optically close to diamond that only a trained eye can easily differentiate the two. There are a few key features of CZ which distinguish it from diamond, some observable only under the microscope or loupe. For example:
Dispersion: With a dispersive power greater than diamond (0.066 vs. 0.044) the more prismatic fire of CZ can be seen by even an untrained eye.
Hardness: CZ has an 8.5 on the Mohs Hardness Scale vs. a rating of 10 for diamonds. Meaning CZ can only be scratched by sapphires or diamonds.
Specific gravity: CZs are heavyweights in comparison to diamonds; a CZ will weigh about 1.7 times more than a diamond of equivalent size. Obviously, this difference is only useful when examining loose stones.
Flaws: Contemporary production of cubic zirconia is virtually flawless. Whereas most diamonds have some sort of defect, be it a feather, included crystal, or perhaps a remnant of an original crystal face (e.g. trigons).
Refractive index: G> CZ has a refractive index of 2.176, compared to a diamonds 2.417
Synthetic gemstones are grown in a laboratory instead of being formed in the ground by nature. They are physically and chemically identical to natural-grown gems but cost much less to produce and to buy.
Just like natural gems, synthetics vary tremendously in quality and it takes several months to create a batch of gems. Using low-quality processes, synthetic sapphires and rubies can be created for less than a dollar a carat, whereas high-quality synthetics can cost a hundred times more to create and sell for several hundred dollars a carat at retail.
High quality emerald, as well as the less common aquamarine, morganite, and beryl, can be lab grown by the hydrothermal method. It uses a water solution at very high temperature and pressure and takes several months to create a batch of gems. That’s one of the reasons higher quality created gems cost so much more.
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